This chapter proposes stochastic and deterministic frontier benchmarking models such as the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the effectiveness of energy saving initiatives in terms of the technical improvement of energy efficiency for the automotive industry, particularly vehicle assembly plants. While many car manufacturers claim that they have made substantial progress in energy efficiency improvement over the past years through their energy efficiency programs, the objective measurement of energy efficiency improvement has not been studied due to the lack of suitable quantitative methods. The car manufacturing industry, one of the largest energy consuming industries, has been making a considerable effort to improve its energy intensity by implementing energy efficiency programs, in many cases supported by government research or financial programs. Lastly, this chapter provides summaries of the contents of the remaining chapters in this book.Įnergy performance analysis in the car manufacturing industry is intriguing. Given these flaws of compressed air, it becomes an important decision problem to compare the cost of pneumatic and electric actuators (as an alternative to pneumatic actuators) and find the right solution. Unfortunately, it is highly inefficient because as much as 50 % of compressed air can be lost through leaks or excess pressurization in the distribution system. On average, compressed air accounts for more than 10 % of total energy costs in a manufacturing plant. Compressed air is frequently used in manufacturing plants to power pneumatic actuators, which are used for many applications including clamping, loading and spray-painting. To provide a flavour of approaches used in this book, a cost comparison of pneumatic and electric actuator systems is illustrated as an example decision problem in energy management. It also discusses the idea of using data and model-based analytics for smart energy and environment management. Then, it discusses the energy and environment management in the automotive industry. It first gives the background of sustainable manufacturing and reviews energy consumption in US automotive industry. The goal of this chapter is to introduce subjects and methods covered in this book and give an overview of the remaining chapters.
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